root/Documentation/devices.txt

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                       LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICES

         Maintained by H. Peter Anvin <Peter.Anvin@linux.org>

                   Last revised: September 20, 1995

This list is the successor to Rick Miller's Linux Device List, which
he stopped maintaining when he lost network access in 1993.  It is a
registry of allocated major device numbers, as well as the recommended
/dev directory nodes for these devices.

This list is now included with the Linux kernel sources in LaTeX and
ASCII form.  This list is also available via FTP from
ftp.yggdrasil.com in the directory /pub/device-list; filename is
devices.<format> where <format> is txt (ASCII), tex (LaTeX), dvi (DVI)
or ps (PostScript).

This document is included by reference into the Linux Filesystem
Standard (FSSTND).  The FSSTND is available via FTP from
tsx-11.mit.edu in the directory /pub/linux/docs/linux-standards/fsstnd.

To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations
where that applies (e.g. busmice), please contact me.  Also, if you
have additional information regarding any of the devices listed below,
or if I have made a mistake, I would greatly appreciate a note.

Allocations marked (68k) apply to Linux/68k only.

This document is in the public domain.  The author requests, however,
that semantically altered versions are not distributed without
permission of the author, assuming the author can be contacted without
an unreasonable effort.

  0             Unnamed devices (NFS mounts, loopback devices)
                  0 = reserved as null device number

  1 char        Memory devices
                  1 = /dev/mem          Physical memory access
                  2 = /dev/kmem         Kernel virtual memory access
                  3 = /dev/null         Null device
                  4 = /dev/port         I/O port access
                  5 = /dev/zero         Null byte source
                  6 = /dev/core         OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
                  7 = /dev/full         Returns ENOSPC on write
                  8 = /dev/random       Nondeterministic random number gen.
                  9 = /dev/urandom      Faster, less secure random number gen.
    block       RAM disk
                  1 = /dev/ramdisk      RAM disk

  2 char        Reserved for PTY's <tytso@athena.mit.edu>
    block       Floppy disks
                  0 = /dev/fd0          First floppy disk autodetect
                  1 = /dev/fd1          Second floppy disk autodetect
                  2 = /dev/fd2          Third floppy disk autodetect
                  3 = /dev/fd3          Fourth floppy disk autodetect

                To specify format, add to the autodetect device number:
                  0 = /dev/fd?          Autodetect format
                  4 = /dev/fd?d360      5.25"  360K in a 360K  drive(1)
                 20 = /dev/fd?h360      5.25"  360K in a 1200K drive(1)
                 48 = /dev/fd?h410      5.25"  410K in a 1200K drive
                 64 = /dev/fd?h420      5.25"  420K in a 1200K drive
                 24 = /dev/fd?h720      5.25"  720K in a 1200K drive
                 80 = /dev/fd?h880      5.25"  880K in a 1200K drive(1)
                  8 = /dev/fd?h1200     5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1)
                 40 = /dev/fd?h1440     5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1)
                 56 = /dev/fd?h1476     5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive
                 72 = /dev/fd?h1494     5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive
                 92 = /dev/fd?h1600     5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1)

                 12 = /dev/fd?u360      3.5"   360K Double Density
                120 = /dev/fd?u800      3.5"   800K Double Density(1)
                 52 = /dev/fd?u820      3.5"   820K Double Density(2)
                 68 = /dev/fd?u830      3.5"   830K Double Density
                 84 = /dev/fd?u1040     3.5"  1040K Double Density(1)
                 88 = /dev/fd?u1120     3.5"  1120K Double Density(1)
                 28 = /dev/fd?u1440     3.5"  1440K High Density(1)
                124 = /dev/fd?u1600     3.5"  1600K High Density(1)
                 44 = /dev/fd?u1680     3.5"  1680K High Density(3)
                 60 = /dev/fd?u1722     3.5"  1722K High Density
                 76 = /dev/fd?u1743     3.5"  1743K High Density
                 96 = /dev/fd?u1760     3.5"  1760K High Density
                116 = /dev/fd?u1840     3.5"  1840K High Density(3)
                100 = /dev/fd?u1920     3.5"  1920K High Density(1)
                 32 = /dev/fd?u2880     3.5"  2880K Extra Density(1)
                104 = /dev/fd?u3200     3.5"  3200K Extra Density
                108 = /dev/fd?u3520     3.5"  3520K Extra Density
                112 = /dev/fd?u3840     3.5"  3840K Extra Density(1)

                 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ    Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete?

                (1) Autodetectable format
                (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only
                (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only

                NOTE: THe letter in the device name (d, q, h or u)
                signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),
                5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"
                (any model, u).  The use of the capital letters D, H
                and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
                the drive type is insignificant for these devices.

  3 char        Reserved for pty's <tytso@athena.mit.edu>
    block       First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                  0 = /dev/hda          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                 64 = /dev/hdb          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                
                For partitions, add to the whole disk device number:
                  0 = /dev/hd?          Whole disk
                  1 = /dev/hd?1         First primary partition
                  2 = /dev/hd?2         Second primary partition
                  3 = /dev/hd?3         Third primary partition
                  4 = /dev/hd?4         Fourth primary partition
                  5 = /dev/hd?5         First logical partition
                  6 = /dev/hd?6         Second logical partition
                  7 = /dev/hd?7         Third logical partition
                    ...
                 63 = /dev/hd?63        59th logical partition

  4 char        TTY devices
                  0 = /dev/console      Console device

                  1 = /dev/tty1         First virtual console
                      ...
                 63 = /dev/tty63        63rd virtual console
                 64 = /dev/ttyS0        First serial port
                      ...
                127 = /dev/ttyS63       64th serial port
                128 = /dev/ptyp0        First pseudo-tty master
                      ...
                191 = /dev/ptysf        64th pseudo-tty master
                192 = /dev/ttyp0        First pseudo-tty slave
                      ...
                255 = /dev/ttysf        64th pseudo-tty slave

                Pseudo-tty's are named as follows:
                * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty";
                * the fourth letter is one of p, q, r, s indicating
                  the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and
                * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating
                  the position within the series.

  5 char        Alternate TTY devices
                  0 = /dev/tty          Current TTY device
                 64 = /dev/cua0         Callout device corresponding to ttyS0
                      ...
                127 = /dev/cua63        Callout device corresponding to ttyS63

  6 char        Parallel printer devices
                  0 = /dev/lp0          First parallel printer (0x3bc)
                  1 = /dev/lp1          Second parallel printer (0x378)
                  2 = /dev/lp2          Third parallel printer (0x278)

                Not all computers have the 0x3bc parallel port; hence
                the "first" printer may be either /dev/lp0 or
                /dev/lp1.

  7 char        Virtual console capture devices
                  0 = /dev/vcs          Current vc text contents
                  1 = /dev/vcs1         tty1 text contents
                      ...
                 63 = /dev/vcs63        tty63 text contents
                128 = /dev/vcsa         Current vc text/attribute contents
                129 = /dev/vcsa1        tty1 text/attribute contents
                      ...
                191 = /dev/vcsa63       tty63 text/attribute contents
        
                NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.

  8 block       SCSI disk devices
                  0 = /dev/sda          First SCSI disk whole disk
                 16 = /dev/sdb          Second SCSI disk whole disk
                 32 = /dev/sdc          Third SCSI disk whole disk
                      ...
                240 = /dev/sdp          Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk

                Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                logical partitions is 11.

  9 char        SCSI tape devices
                  0 = /dev/st0          First SCSI tape
                  1 = /dev/st1          Second SCSI tape
                      ...
                128 = /dev/nst0         First SCSI tape, no rewind-on-close
                129 = /dev/nst1         Second SCSI tape, no rewind-on-close
                      ...
    block       Multiple disk devices
                  0 = /dev/md0          First device group
                  1 = /dev/md1          Second device group
                      ...

                The multiple devices driver is used to span a
                filesystem across multiple physical disks.

 10 char        Non-serial mice, misc features
                  0 = /dev/logibm       Logitech bus mouse
                  1 = /dev/psaux        PS/2-style mouse port
                  2 = /dev/inportbm     Microsoft Inport bus mouse
                  3 = /dev/atibm        ATI XL bus mouse
                  4 = /dev/jbm          J-mouse
                  4 = /dev/amigamouse   Amiga Mouse (68k)
                  5 = /dev/atarimouse   Atari Mouse (68k)
                128 = /dev/beep         Fancy beep device
                129 = /dev/modreq       Kernel module load request

                The use of the suffix -mouse instead of -bm or -aux
                has also been used.

 11 block       SCSI CD-ROM devices
                  0 = /dev/sr0          First SCSI CD-ROM
                  1 = /dev/sr1          Second SCSI CD-ROM
                      ...

                The prefix /dev/scd instead of /dev/sr has been used
                as well, and might make more sense.

 12 char        QIC-02 tape
                  2 = /dev/ntpqic11     QIC-11, no rewind-on-close
                  3 = /dev/tpqic11      QIC-11, rewind-on-close
                  4 = /dev/ntpqic24     QIC-24, no rewind-on-close
                  5 = /dev/tpqic24      QIC-24, rewind-on-close
                  6 = /dev/ntpqic120    QIC-120, no rewind-on-close
                  7 = /dev/tpqic120     QIC-120, rewind-on-close
                  8 = /dev/ntpqic150    QIC-150, no rewind-on-close
                  9 = /dev/tpqic150     QIC-150, rewind-on-close

                The device names specified are proposed -- if there
                are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know.

    block       MSCDEX CD-ROM callback support
                  0 = /dev/dos_cd0      First MSCDEX CD-ROM
                  1 = /dev/dos_cd1      Second MSCDEX CD-ROM
                      ...

 13 char        PC speaker
                  0 = /dev/pcmixer      Emulates /dev/mixer
                  1 = /dev/pcsp         Emulates /dev/dsp (8-bit)
                  4 = /dev/pcaudio      Emulates /dev/audio
                  5 = /dev/pcsp16       Emulates /dev/dsp (16-bit)
    block       8-bit MFM/RLL/IDE controller
                  0 = /dev/xda          First XT disk whole disk
                 64 = /dev/xdb          Second XT disk whole disk

                Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
                (see major number 3).

 14 char        Sound card
                  0 = /dev/mixer        Mixer control
                  1 = /dev/sequencer    Audio sequencer
                  2 = /dev/midi00       First MIDI port
                  3 = /dev/dsp          Digital audio
                  4 = /dev/audio        Sun-compatible digital audio
                  6 = /dev/sndstat      Sound card status information
                  8 = /dev/sequencer2   Sequencer -- alternate device
                 16 = /dev/mixer1       Second soundcard mixer control
                 17 = /dev/patmgr0      Sequencer patch manager
                 18 = /dev/midi01       Second MIDI port
                 19 = /dev/dsp1         Second soundcard digital audio
                 20 = /dev/audio1       Second soundcard Sun digital audio
                 33 = /dev/patmgr1      Sequencer patch manager
                 34 = /dev/midi02       Third MIDI port
                 50 = /dev/midi03       Fourth MIDI port
    block       BIOS harddrive callback support
                  0 = /dev/dos_hda      First BIOS harddrive whole disk
                 64 = /dev/dos_hdb      Second BIOS harddrive whole disk
                128 = /dev/dos_hdc      Third BIOS harddrive whole disk
                192 = /dev/dos_hdd      Fourth BIOS harddrive whole disk

                Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
                (see major number 3).

 15 char        Joystick
                  0 = /dev/js0          First joystick
                  1 = /dev/js1          Second joystick
    block       Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/sonycd       Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM

 16 char        Reserved for scanners
    block       GoldStar CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/gscd         GoldStar CD-ROM

 17 char        Chase serial card
                  0 = /dev/ttyH0        First Chase port
                  1 = /dev/ttyH1        Second Chase port
                      ...
    block       Optics Storage CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/optcd        Optics Storage CD-ROM

 18 char        Chase serial card - alternate devices
                  0 = /dev/cuh0         Callout device corresponding to ttyH0
                  1 = /dev/cuh1         Callout device corresponding to ttyH1
                      ...
    block       Sanyo CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/sjcd         Sanyo CD-ROM

 19 char        Cyclades serial card
                 32 = /dev/ttyC0        First Cyclades port
                      ...
                 63 = /dev/ttyC31       32nd Cyclades port
                
                It would make more sense for these to start at 0...

    block       "Double" compressed disk
                  0 = /dev/double0      First compressed disk
                      ...
                  7 = /dev/double7      Eighth compressed disk
                128 = /dev/cdouble0     Mirror of first compressed disk
                      ...
                135 = /dev/cdouble7     Mirror of eighth compressed disk

                See the Double documentation for the meaning of the
                mirror devices.

 20 char        Cyclades serial card - alternate devices
                 32 = /dev/cub0         Callout device corresponding to ttyC0
                      ...
                 63 = /dev/cub31        Callout device corresponding to ttyC31
    block       Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)
                  0 = /dev/hitcd        Hitachi CD-ROM

 21 char        Generic SCSI access
                  0 = /dev/sg0          First generic SCSI device
                  1 = /dev/sg1          Second generic SCSI device
                      ...

 22 char        Digiboard serial card
                  0 = /dev/ttyD0        First Digiboard port
                  1 = /dev/ttyD1        Second Digiboard port
                      ...
    block       Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                  0 = /dev/hdc          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                 64 = /dev/hdd          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                
                Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                interface (see major number 3).

 23 char        Digiboard serial card - alternate devices
                  0 = /dev/cud0         Callout device corresponding to ttyD0
                  1 = /dev/cud1         Callout device corresponding to ttyD1
                      ...
    block       Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/mcd          Mitsumi CD-ROM

 24 char        Stallion serial card
                  0 = /dev/ttyE0        Stallion port 0 card 0
                  1 = /dev/ttyE1        Stallion port 1 card 0
                      ...
                 64 = /dev/ttyE64       Stallion port 0 card 1
                 65 = /dev/ttyE65       Stallion port 1 card 1
                      ...
                128 = /dev/ttyE128      Stallion port 0 card 2
                129 = /dev/ttyE129      Stallion port 1 card 2
                      ...
                192 = /dev/ttyE192      Stallion port 0 card 3
                193 = /dev/ttyE193      Stallion port 1 card 3
                      ...
    block       Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/cdu535       Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM

 25 char        Stallion serial card - alternate devices
                  0 = /dev/cue0         Callout device corresponding to ttyE0
                  1 = /dev/cue1         Callout device corresponding to ttyE1
                      ...
                 64 = /dev/cue64        Callout device corresponding to ttyE64
                 65 = /dev/cue65        Callout device corresponding to ttyE65
                      ...
                128 = /dev/cue128       Callout device corresponding to ttyE128
                129 = /dev/cue129       Callout device corresponding to ttyE129
                      ...
                192 = /dev/cue192       Callout device corresponding to ttyE192
                193 = /dev/cue193       Callout device corresponding to ttyE193
                      ...
    block       First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/sbpcd0       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0
                  1 = /dev/sbpcd1       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1
                  2 = /dev/sbpcd2       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2
                  3 = /dev/sbpcd3       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3

 26 char        Frame grabbers
                  0 = /dev/wvisfgrab    Quanta WinVision frame grabber
    block       Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/sbpcd4       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0
                  1 = /dev/sbpcd5       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1
                  2 = /dev/sbpcd6       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2
                  3 = /dev/sbpcd7       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3

 27 char        QIC-117 tape
                  0 = /dev/ftape        QIC-117 tape
    block       Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/sbpcd8       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0
                  1 = /dev/sbpcd9       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1
                  2 = /dev/sbpcd10      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2
                  3 = /dev/sbpcd11      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3

 28 char        Stallion serial card - card programming
                  0 = /dev/staliomem0   First Stallion card I/O memory
                  1 = /dev/staliomem1   Second Stallion card I/O memory
                  2 = /dev/staliomem2   Third Stallion card I/O memory
                  3 = /dev/staliomem3   Fourth Stallion card I/O memory
    block       Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/sbpcd12      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0
                  1 = /dev/sbpcd13      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1
                  2 = /dev/sbpcd14      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2
                  3 = /dev/sbpcd15      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3
    block       ACSI disk (68k)
                  0 = /dev/ada          First ACSI disk whole disk
                 16 = /dev/adb          Second ACSI disk whole disk
                 32 = /dev/adc          Third ACSI disk whole disk
                      ...
                240 = /dev/adp          16th ACSI disk whole disk

                Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                logical partitions is 11.

 29 char        Universal frame buffer
                  0 = /dev/fb0current   First frame buffer
                  1 = /dev/fb0autodetect
                      ...
                 16 = /dev/fb1current   Second frame buffer
                 17 = /dev/fb1autodetect
                      ...
    block       Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/aztcd        Aztech CD-ROM

                The universal frame buffer device is currenly only
                supported on Linux/68k.  The "current" device accesses
                the fame buffer at current resolution; the
                "autodetect" one at bootup (default) resolution.
                Minor numbers 2-15 within each frame buffer assignment
                are used for specific device-dependent resolutions.
                There appears to be no standard naming for these devices.

 30 char        iBCS-2 compatibility devices
                  0 = /dev/socksys      Socket access
                  1 = /dev/spx          SVR3 local X interface
                  2 = /dev/inet/arp     Network access
                  2 = /dev/inet/icmp    Network access
                  2 = /dev/inet/ip      Network access
                  2 = /dev/inet/udp     Network access
                  2 = /dev/inet/tcp     Network access

                iBCS-2 requires /dev/nfsd to be a link to
                /dev/socksys, and /dev/X0R to be a link to /dev/null.

    block       Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/cm205cd      Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM

                /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device.  This
                driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM.

 31 char        MPU-401 MIDI
                  0 = /dev/mpu401data   MPU-401 data port
                  1 = /dev/mpu401stat   MPU-401 status port
    block       ROM/flash memory card
                  0 = /dev/rom0         First ROM card (rw)
                      ...
                  7 = /dev/rom7         Eighth ROM card (rw)
                  8 = /dev/rrom0        First ROM card (ro)
                      ...
                 15 = /dev/rrom7        Eighth ROM card (ro)
                 16 = /dev/flash0       First flash memory card (rw)
                      ...
                 23 = /dev/flash7       Eighth flash memory card (rw)
                 24 = /dev/rflash0      First flash memory card (ro)
                      ...
                 31 = /dev/rflash7      Eighth flash memory card (ro)

                The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching
                written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM
                devices.  The read-only devices (ro) support reading
                only.

 32 char        Specialix serial card
                  0 = /dev/ttyX0        First Specialix port
                  1 = /dev/ttyX1        Second Specialix port
                      ...
    block       Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
                  0 = /dev/cm206cd      Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM

 33 char        Specialix serial card - alternate devices
                  0 = /dev/cux0         Callout device corresponding to ttyX0
                  1 = /dev/cux1         Callout device corresponding to ttyX1
                      ...
    block       Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                  0 = /dev/hde          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                 64 = /dev/hdf          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                interface (see major number 3).

 34 char        Z8530 HDLC driver
                  0 = /dev/sc1          First Z8530, first port
                  1 = /dev/sc2          First Z8530, second port
                  2 = /dev/sc3          Second Z8530, first port
                  3 = /dev/sc4          Second Z8530, second port
                      ...
    block       Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                  0 = /dev/hdg          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                 64 = /dev/hdh          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                
                Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                interface (see major number 3).

 35 char        tclmidi MIDI driver
                  0 = /dev/midi0        First MIDI port, kernel timed
                  1 = /dev/midi1        Second MIDI port, kernel timed
                  2 = /dev/midi2        Third MIDI port, kernel timed
                  3 = /dev/midi3        Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed
                 64 = /dev/rmidi0       First MIDI port, untimed
                 65 = /dev/rmidi1       Second MIDI port, untimed
                 66 = /dev/rmidi2       Third MIDI port, untimed
                 67 = /dev/rmidi3       Fourth MIDI port, untimed
                128 = /dev/smpte0       First MIDI port, SMPTE timed
                129 = /dev/smpte1       Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
                130 = /dev/smpte2       Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
                131 = /dev/smpte3       Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed
    block       Modular RAM disk device
                  0 = /dev/ram0         First modular RAM disk
                  1 = /dev/ram1         Second modular RAM disk
                      ...
                255 = /dev/ram255       256th modular RAM disk

 36 block       MCA ESDI hard disk
                  0 = /dev/eda          First ESDI disk whole disk
                 64 = /dev/edb          Second ESDI disk whole disk
                      ...

                Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
                (see major number 3).

 37-223         UNALLOCATED

224-254         LOCAL USE
                Allocated for local/experimental use

                Please note that MAX_CHRDEV and MAX_BLKDEV in
                linux/include/linux/major.h must be set to a value
                greater than the highest used major number.  For a
                kernel using local/experimental devices, it is
                probably easiest to set both of these equal to 256.  The
                memory cost above using the default value of 64 is 3K.

255             RESERVED




        ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIES

This section details additional entries that should or may exist in
the /dev directory.  It is preferred that symbolic links use the same
form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here.  Links are
classified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type of
link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.


        Compulsory links

These links should exist on all systems:

/dev/fd         /proc/self/fd   symbolic        File descriptors
/dev/stdin      fd/0            symbolic        stdin file descriptor
/dev/stdout     fd/1            symbolic        stdout file descriptor
/dev/stderr     fd/2            symbolic        stderr file descriptor


        Recommended links

It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:

/dev/X0R        null            symbolic        Used by iBCS-2
/dev/nfsd       socksys         symbolic        Used by iBCS-2
/dev/core       /proc/kcore     symbolic        Backward compatibility
/dev/scd?       /dev/sr?        hard            Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name


        Locally defined links

The following links may be established locally to conform to the
configuration of the system.  This is merely a tabulation of existing
practice, and does not constitute a recommendation.  However, if they
exist, they should have the following uses.

/dev/mouse      mouse port      symbolic        Current mouse device
/dev/tape       tape device     symbolic        Current tape device
/dev/cdrom      CD-ROM device   symbolic        Current CD-ROM device
/dev/modem      modem port      symbolic        Current dialout device
/dev/root       root device     symbolic        Current root filesystem
/dev/swap       swap device     symbolic        Current swap device

/dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as
well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems.  If it
exists, /dev/modem shold point to the appropriate dialout (alternate)
device.


        Sockets and pipes

Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev.  Common entries are:

/dev/printer    socket          lpd local socket
/dev/log        socket          syslog local socket

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